African Journal of Advanced Pure and Applied Sciences

Assessment of Selected Groundwater Quality Parameters in the Suknah area and Their Relationship to Geological Formations Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Their Role in Supporting Sustainable Development

Nabeel Salih Ali Omar, Emhemed Saleh Abdelhadi Khalifa — Sun, 04 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study was carried out in the Suknah area of Jufra Municipality with the aim of assessing the qualitative characteristics of groundwater and evaluating their suitability for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. The study also examined the relationship between these characteristics and the prevailing geological formations using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Spatial distribution maps for the key groundwater quality parameters were generated through GIS analysis. Nine groundwater samples were collected from wells within the study area. The sampling sites were selected in a representative manner based on hydrogeological characteristics and the spatial distribution of geological formations. The measured parameters included pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride (Cl⁻), and bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) .GIS interpolation (IDW) was used to generate spatial maps. The results indicate that most wells contain water with highly salinity, with salinity levels exceeding the permissible limits set by both Libyan standards and World Health Organization guidelines. Consequently, the groundwater is unsuitable for drinking and various industrial uses, but remains suitable for irrigating high-salinity-tolerant crops. The findings further reveal that the dominant geological formations, particularly limestone and gypsum, significantly influence the concentrations of dissolved salts in the groundwater. The study provides essential spatial data that can support sustainable water-resource management in the region.

A Study on Subclasses of Harmonic Univalent Functions

Entisar El-Yagubi — Sun, 04 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Harmonic univalent functions constitute an essential branch of the theory of geometric functions, extending the classical theory of analytic functions. Recent studies have focused on constructing new subclasses of harmonic mappings through operator-based approaches, which allow a systematic analysis of their geometric behavior. In this work, we obtain sufficient criteria of the harmonic function classes S_H^k (m,δ,β,λ,α) and C_H^k (m,δ,β,λ,α) corresponding to starlike and convex harmonic mappings associated with k-symmetric points. Moreover, necessary conditions characterizing the membership of a function f in the subclasses TS_H^k (m,δ,β,λ,α) and TC_H^k (m,δ,β,λ,α) are established. Finally, explicit growth inequalities are obtained for functions in TS_H^k (m,δ,β,λ,α).

The Application of the Kruskal-Wallis Test to Study the Influence of Demographic, Social, and Health Factors on the Number of Cesarean Sections

Fatma Khalifa Banini — Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Cesarean section is a globally common surgical procedure with continuously rising rates, underscoring the need to understand its influencing factors. This study aimed to explore the relationship between cesarean sections and certain demographic and health-related factors. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 30 women, and the data was analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests, specifically the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, to compare groups. The results revealed statistically significant differences in the number of cesarean sections based on the woman’s total number of births, hospital type (public or private), presence of previous complications, and economic situation. These findings indicate that demographic and health-related factors are crucial determinants of cesarean section rates, highlighting their direct influence on childbirth outcomes and clinical practices.

The Immunometabolism Respiratory Infections: Disintegration of Microbial-Immune-Metabolism Crosstalk Regulates Disease Progression

Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Respiratory infections caused by influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), transmission of the viruses that cause the current pandemic and transmission of the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, represent a major health burden globally. Beyond direct pathogen--host interactions, there is mounting evidence that the metabolic programming of immune and structural lung cells--immunometabolism--critically affects outcome of infection. Pathogens then take over or alter metabolic pathways to their advantage for replication and immune cells then rewire metabolism to their advantage against infection, a dynamic metabolic battlefield. This review summarizes the latest progress in immunometabolism from respiratory infections in terms of metabolic-immune-microbial crosstalk, severity of disease, and novel host-directed therapeutic targets. Pathogenic: Across pathogens, infection triggers glycolytic rewiring, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle remodelling, deregulation of lipid and amino acid metabolism metabolic hubs (itaconate/IRG1, succinate/HIF-1a and NAD+/sirtuin axes) are linked to the metabolic flux, cytokine production, ROS signalling and tissue injury. Human metabolomic research presents disease severity fingerprints including lactate, succinate, kynurenine and ceramide pathways. Therapeutically, metabolic interventions (glycolysis inhibitors, itaconate derivatives, NAD+ boosters) hold promise in preclinical models, although only limited clinical translation has been made. Immunometabolic reprogramming: Immunometabolic reprogramming is a determinate of respiratory infection pathogenesis and resolution. Targeting metabolic checkpoints could be a new field for host-directed therapy for emerging treatments, but requires context-specific approaches, combination of spatial-multi-omics, endotyping metabolomics in clinical trials.

Taxonomic on Aquatic Coleoptera species from Helophoridae, Hydrophilidae in Anbasa region, Al Jabal Al Akhdar -Libya

Managi Fawzi Al-Msrati — Sun, 11 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aim to identify some species of aquatic beetles belonging to families Helophoridae and Hydrophilidae Sub Order Polyphaga, samples were collected from the Ain Anbasa reign in Aljaba Alakder, during the period from July 2023 to June 2024, by using aquatic nets randomly from the water surface ,among aquatic plants and from floating leaves the results of this study showed the recording of three species Helophorus milleri (Kuwert,1886) belonging into Helophoridae, Helochares lividus (Forster, 1771), Coelostoma hispanicum (Küster, 1848) belonging into Hydrophilidae, their identification was based on characters of the body morphology and male genitalia.

Knowing the effect of black honey on the germination rate and speed of some Leguminous and grassy plants treated with commercial yeast

Huda Ahmed Saeid Alhadeedi, Fatema Ibrahim Benamer — Mon, 12 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

his experiment was conducted in the water research laboratory of the department of Soil and Water faculty of agriculture, university of Tripoli. During month of April 2023, according to the (split-plot design) at the rate of 30 seeds per ptridish which divided to 3 replicates refared to the concentration (0-4-8-12 gm/L) in order to study the effect of the addition and non addition of Egyptian black honey product made from the Saccharum spp. with yeast extract (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Named (Parakamaia) on the growth percentage of two species of Legumes (Vicia faba L.) and (Pisum sativum L.) also another two species of Gramineases (Triticum aestivum L.) and (Hordeum vulgare L.). The results showed that the (4gm/LConc.) is the greater growth presents to all samples with black honey than that with yeast extract alone. When compared with control samples and yeast extract samples. The average of yeast extract with black honey increased the rate of growth to reach 2.7 days compared with 3.4 days by using yeast extract alone.
The percent and rate of growth of large size seeds compared with the small size seeds. The 12gm/L Concentration showed less growth rate compared with the control.

Effect of Intercropping Barley and Berseem on vegetative growth and productivity

Mohamed Abdalla Emhemmed Hussain — Tue, 13 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The field experiment was conducted at Abu Hadi area-Sirte city, during the winter season 2022-2023 to study the effect of humic acid on vegetative growth and productivity of three cuts of sole barely, sole berseem and their mixture. The experimental design was spilt-spilt plot Design with three replicates: the main plot were allocated to forage crops with sole barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) cv., Giza 2000, at rate 123.55 kg/ha, berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum, L.) cv., Giza 6, at rate 61.78 kg/ ha, and mixture plants (65% berseem +35 barley) with rate 46.33 kg berseem/ ha + 30.89 kg barley/ ha, the seeds of barley and berseem were mixed at the previous rate and planted by broadcasting on the surface. Three levels of humic acids by rate 3 ,6 and 9 kg/ha, occupied in sub-plot as ground application during the preparing of sowing and three cuts were distributed in sub-sub plot which were taken in season after 60, 90 and 120 day from sowing. Studied characters were vegetative growth i.e. (plant height, number of tillers- branches /m², fresh weight (kg/ha) and dry weight (kg/ha) and yield quality (grain yield (kg/ha), straw yield (kg/ha), biological yield (kg/ha), protein and carbohydrates percentages. Results showed mixture of forage plants produced the best values in all vegetative characters under studied, also, humic acid at 9 kg/ha recorded highest all vegetative growth and 3^rd cut surpassed 1^st and 2^nd cuts in 2022-2023 season. Whereas, Sole barley gave the highest grain yield, while, mixture of forage plants gave the height values of straw yield, biological yield, protein and carbohydrates percentages. Humic acid at 9 kg/ha recorded highest all vegetative characters and yield quality were studied. The highest value for all parameters (vegetative growth and yield quality) were observed under mixture forage plants in the third cut with humic acids at rate 9 kg/ha. The interactions among forage crops and humic acid was highly significantly, also, forage crops and cuts was highly significantly, humic acid and cuts was highly significantly and interaction between forage crops, humic acid and cuts was highly significantly on all vegetative growth and yield quality characters.

Impact of Declining Operational Efficiency on the Production Capacity of Power Plants: A Case Study of the Zawiya Combined Power Station

Abdul-Azim Al-Khudraw, Hassan Hussein Arabi, Muhammad Al-Basheer Al-Dakhili — Sun, 18 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to examine the decline in operational efficiency and its impact on the production capacity of the Zawia Combined Power Station by evaluating the actual performance of one gas turbine unit. The methodology was based on collecting operational data from the daily control room reports over a six-month period (from January 16 to June 16, 2023), followed by analysis using standard equations for estimating efficiency and production capacity.
The results indicated that the average efficiency during the study period was 27.5%, compared to the design efficiency of 35%, representing a decrease of 7.5%. This decline was reflected in the generated power, which dropped from 165 MW to approximately 127 MW, resulting in a deficit of 38 MW per hour per unit and a daily deficit of around 912 MWh over 24 hours of operation for each unit. When these findings are extrapolated to all six units of the station, the total loss in production capacity is estimated at approximately 5,472 MWh per 24-hour operational cycle, representing a significant loss at the power generation system level.
The main causes of this decline include non-compliance with the preventive maintenance schedule, unavailability of original spare parts, and issues within the national grid such as frequency fluctuations and synchronization problems. The results also revealed that the type of fuel used has a noticeable effect on performance; thermal efficiency was higher when operating the turbines with natural gas compared to liquid fuel, with a difference of 4.5%.
The study concludes with a recommendation to improve maintenance programs and ensure the availability of appropriate spare parts. It also emphasizes the need for future studies on the impact of operational factors and fuel types on efficiency, in order to enhance the station’s reliability and reduce future deficits in production capacity.

Numerical Structural Analysis of Main Landing Gear System Using ANSYS

Hesham Mraied, Khadeejah Altoumi — Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The structural analysis of titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al) alloys was conducted using ANSYS. The analysis studied the mechanical properties of these alloys including deformation, stress and strain characteristics under operational loads. The analysis showed that the total deformation of Ti Alloy (2.33 mm) is smaller than that of Al alloy (3.66 mm), indicating that the former alloy exhibited higher structural stability and lower susceptibility to yielding. It was also found that both alloys experienced similar maximum principal stresses of ~23MPa. Moreover, the uniform stress distribution observed for both alloys indicated structural stability and reduced suitability to localized failure. Both Von Mises and principal stress analysis, confirmed the high strength of the alloys under tensile and compressive loads.

The equivalent elastic strain of Ti alloy (0.2 mm/mm) is smaller than that of Al alloy (0.3 mm/mm), which is in agreement with the elastic moduli of both alloys. These results confirm that Ti alloy is suitable for critical aerospace applications where high strengths, reduced deformations and high resistance to fatigue are required. Due to its higher energy absorption and deformation, Al alloy was found to be more suitable for applications where energy dissipation is more desirable compared to structural rigidity. Finally, the structural analysis revealed the importance of material selection in aerospace engineering based on specific performance and safety regulations.