Random use of Antibiotics and prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria

Abstract

This study evaluated the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates against a panel of commonly used antibiotics. Resistance percentages were calculated based on the number of resistant isolates relative to the total number of tests performed for each antibiotic. The results revealed considerable variability in resistance rates among the tested antibiotics. Cefuroxime demonstrated complete susceptibility (0% resistance), while gentamicin and cefotaxime showed low resistance rates of 17.4% and 19.0%, respectively. Moderate resistance levels were observed for ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, with resistance rates ranging between 22% and 30%, whereas trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, augmentin, and streptomycin exhibited relatively higher resistance rates ranging from 36% to 43%. In contrast, high resistance rates exceeding 50% were recorded for tetracycline (52.2%), erythromycin (55.6%), doxycycline (66.7%), amoxicillin (60%), and ampicillin– Cloxacillin (APX) 60%. The highest resistance level was observed for nalidixic acid (100%), indicating complete loss of efficacy