Constitutional Laws and Their Amendments as a Factor in Reproducing the Political Crisis in Libya An Analytical Study of the Transitional Phases (2011-2025)

Abstract

This study examines the role of constitutional laws and their amendments in reproducing the political crisis in Libya during the extended transitional phases between 2011 and 2025. The analysis focuses on the interim constitutional framework، which was supposed to serve as a foundational basis for organizing the transitional stages; however، in practice، it contributed to deepening political divisions and prolonging the crisis of institutional legitimacy.

The study adopts a descriptive–analytical methodology supported by political–legal analysis، tracing the trajectory of the transitional phases starting from the National Transitional Council، through the General National Congress and the House of Representatives، the Skhirat Agreement، the Geneva Agreement، and the constitutional basis crisis.

The findings demonstrate that repeated constitutional amendments، legislative duality، and overlapping authorities have intensified the conflict over legitimacy. Constitutional texts were used as tools to manage political conflict، which prolonged the transitional period and obstructed state-building efforts.

The study concludes that overcoming the crisis requires a permanent and consensual constitutional framework based on clear popular legitimacy، along with the necessity of a unified security force that protects the law and the constitution while guaranteeing the independence of the judiciary.