Political disturbances, their causes, manifestations and repercussions on the Islamic state during the period (35-40 AH / 656-661 AD)

Abstract

       This study aims to shed light on the political turmoil that the Islamic world witnessed from the year 35 to the year 40 AH, beginning and ending with two momentous events: the assassination of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan and the assassination of Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib. It aims to clarify the effects of these events and turmoil on the political and social conditions, and to identify the actual reasons that led to this turmoil. Perhaps the most important result reached through this research is that many economic and social changes occurred in the Islamic state, and these changes were reflected negatively in the political life of the Islamic state. The study also showed that many changes occurred in intellectual life, represented by the emergence of many beliefs that formed a basis for the emergence of parties and sects that led to division and discord among Muslims. The researcher used the narrative analytical method, which relies on narrating, analyzing, and interpreting events to achieve the desired goals and results of this study.